Methods and Systems for Combination Electrodes for Wearable Devices

ABSTRACT

Various embodiments provide a wellness tracking device with a base plate that may be utilized as a combination electrode by a variety of sensors. The base plate may be a multi-material electrode that includes a conductor and a transparent or semi-transparent material to enable optical sensing. In certain embodiments, the base plate supports a plurality of different sensors, which may selectively utilize the base plate as an electrode.

BACKGROUND

Wearable electronic devices have gained popularity among consumers. Awearable electronic device may track a user's activities using a varietyof sensors. Data captured from these sensors can be analyzed in order toprovide a user with information, such as an estimation of how far theywalked in a day, their heart rate, how much time they spent sleeping,and the like. However, wearable devices may have limited surfaces areaswhere sensors may be arranged, and moreover, the position of the varioussensors may impact the accuracy of the readings. Increasing the size ofthe wearable devices may not be feasible for a variety of reasons.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Various embodiments in accordance with the present disclosure will bedescribed with reference to the drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a user with a wearable device on anextremity, in accordance with various embodiments of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 2A illustrates a schematic top plan view of an embodiment of awearable device arranged on an extremity, in accordance with variousembodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 2B illustrates a schematic top plan view of an embodiment of awearable device arranged on an extremity, in accordance with variousembodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 3A illustrates a bottom perspective view of an embodiment of a baseplate of a wearable device, in accordance with various embodiments ofthe present disclosure.

FIG. 3B illustrates a top perspective view of an embodiment of a baseplate of a wearable device, in accordance with various embodiments ofthe present disclosure.

FIG. 4 illustrates a top plan view of an embodiment of a base plate of awearable device, in accordance with various embodiments of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 5 illustrates a cross-sectional side elevation view of anembodiment of a base plate of a wearable device, in accordance withvarious embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 6A illustrates a top exploded perspective view of an embodiment ofa base plate and light blocking assembly of a wearable device, inaccordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 6B is a top plan view of an embodiment of a base plate and lightblocking assembly of a wearable device, in accordance with embodimentsof the present disclosure.

FIG. 7 illustrates a cross-sectional side elevation view of anembodiment of a base plate of a wearable device including a temperaturesensor, in accordance with various embodiments of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 8 illustrates a top exploded perspective view of an embodiment of abase plate and charging pins of a wearable device, in accordance withembodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 9 illustrates a cross-sectional side elevation view of anembodiment of a housing of a wearable device, in accordance withembodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 10 illustrates an example process for determining a physicalproperty of a user of a wearable device, in accordance with variousembodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 11 illustrates an example process for forming a base plate of awearable device, in accordance with various embodiments of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 12 illustrates a set of basic components of one or more devices ofthe present disclosure, in accordance with various embodiments of thepresent disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In the following description, various embodiments will be described. Forpurposes of explanation, specific configurations and details are setforth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments.However, it will also be apparent to one skilled in the art that theembodiments may be practiced without the specific details. Furthermore,well-known features may be omitted or simplified in order not to obscurethe embodiment being described. Incorporated by reference, in theirentireties, are “INTEGRATED ECG ELECTRODE AND ANTENNA RADIATOR,” filedJun. 28, 2019, which claims priority to and the benefit of U.S.Provisional Patent Application No. 62/697,844, titled “INTEGRATED ECGELECTRODE AND ANTENNA RADIATOR,” filed Jul. 13, 2018.

Systems and methods in accordance with various embodiments of thepresent disclosure may overcome one or more of the aforementioned andother deficiencies experienced in conventional approaches for wearabledevices, such as electronic wellness trackers. In particular, variousembodiments provide a wearable device with a base plate that functionsto enable a variety of sensors to receive information from a userwearing the wearable device. The base plate may be formed to have asurface area that enables multiple sensors to obtain information whilemaintaining a form factor of the wearable device. In certainembodiments, the base plate is a multi-material electrode that includesa conductor (e.g., thermally conductive, electrically conductive) and atransparent or semi-transparent material to enable optical sensing. Asused herein, transparent or semi-transparent refers to a material thatallows light to pass through. As will be appreciated, a transparentmaterial will allow more light to pass through than a semi-transparentmaterial. Accordingly, embodiments of the present disclosure include abase plate that may be utilized with a variety of sensors for obtaininghealth information from a user of a wearable device.

In various embodiments, the base plate may be utilized with a skintemperature sensor. For example, the base plate may be formed from athermally conductive material that, over time, may reach equilibrium orsubstantial-equilibrium with a contact surface (e.g., skin). The baseplate may be coupled to a temperature sensor, which may record thetemperature of the base plate as representative of the contact surface.In certain embodiments, the base plate may have a surface area largerthan a threshold amount, for example larger than a contact between thesensor and the base plate, to thereby provide an average temperature ofthe contact surface over the surface area of the base plate. That is,the base plate may include a larger surface area to enable averaging ofthe heterogeneous nature of the contact surface, such as skin, todetermine a surface temperature. In various embodiments, this surfacetemperature may be correlated with other temperatures, such as anambient temperature or a core body temperature, to provide health andwellness information to a user.

FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a user 100 wearing a user monitoringdevice 102 around a wrist 104 of the user 100. The user monitoringdevice 102 may also be referred to as a wearable or a fitness tracker,and may also include devices that are worn around the chest, legs, head,or other body part, or a device to be clipped or otherwise attached ontoan article of clothing worn by the user 100. The user monitoring device102 may collectively or respectively capture data related to any one ormore of caloric energy expenditure, floors climbed or descended, heartrate, heart rate variability, heart rate recovery, location and/orheading (e.g., through GPS), elevation, ambulatory speed and/or distancetraveled, swimming lap count, bicycle distance and/or speed, bloodpressure, blood glucose, skin conduction, skin and/or body temperature,electromyography data, electroencephalographic data, weight, body fat,respiration rate and patterns, various body movements, among others.Additional data may be provided from an external source, e.g., the usermay input their height, weight, age, stride, or other data in a userprofile on a fitness-tracking website or application and suchinformation may be used in combination with some of the above-describeddata to make certain evaluation or in determining user behaviors, suchas the distance traveled or calories burned of the user. The usermonitoring devices may also measure or calculate metrics related to theenvironment around the user such as barometric pressure, weatherconditions, light exposure, noise exposure, and magnetic field.

In some embodiments, the user monitoring device 102 may be connected toa network directly, or via an intermediary device. For example, the usemonitoring device 102 may be connected to the intermediary device via aBLUETOOTH® connection, and the intermediary device may be connected tothe network via an Internet connection. In various embodiments, a usermay be associated with a user account, and the user account may beassociated with (i.e., signed onto) a plurality of different networkeddevices. In some embodiments, additional devices may provide any of theabovementioned data among other data, and/or receive the data forvarious processing or analysis. The additional devices may include acomputer, a server, a handheld device, a temperature regulation device,or a vehicle, among others. Thus, the game state may be determined basedon a combination of data collected from these devices.

In the illustrated embodiment, the user monitoring device 102 mayinclude a skin temperature sensor. The skin temperature sensor may beused to determine various pieces of health information about the user,such as whether the user is sleeping (e.g., due to a drop in bodytemperature), whether the user is exercising or ill (e.g., due to anincrease in body temperature), whether the user is at risk foroverheating (e.g., due to a measurement of temperature above athreshold), and the like. However, a direct measurement of the wrist onan extremity 106 may be different than a measurement of a core 108. Forexample, from a physiological perspective, a human body maypreferentially preserve heat within the core 108 than the extremity 106.As a result, a determination of core body temperature from a measurementon an extremity may be difficult to obtain.

Moreover, a surface area of the extremity 106 may be small and thereforeprovide a localized temperature rather than a generalized temperatureover the area. This may lead to a false reading, as human skin, forexample, is heterogeneous. That is, a sensor arranged over a vein mayprovide a different reading than a sensor placed over a bone.Furthermore, different areas of the skin may be exposed to ambienttemperatures differently. As a result, a small, individualized sensorwith a small contact area may be insufficient to determine the skintemperature of the user 100. As will be described below, embodiments ofthe present disclosure include a base plate to enable skin temperaturesensing over a larger surface area, thereby providing an improvedtemperature measurement.

FIGS. 2A and 2B are graphical representations of examples ofenvironments 200, 202 including wearable devices 204 arranged along anextremity 206, such as a wrist. In the illustrated embodiment, thewearable devices 204 are positioned over an area of the extremity 206including a vein 208. As described above, a location of any sensor fordetermining skin temperature may be effected by properties of the skin,since skin is heterogeneous and different skin areas may be differenttemperatures for a variety of reasons. The environment 200 includes thewearable device 204 that includes, by way of example only, two sensors210, 212. It should be appreciated that the sensors referred to withrespect to FIG. 2A may include contacts and/or electrodes that have asurface area substantially equal to the size of the sensors 210, 212.That is, the electrodes that receive the signal (e.g., temperature) fromthe skin are at localized points, as illustrated in FIG. 2A. In theillustrated embodiment, sensor 210 will likely have different readingthan sensor 212 because the vein 208 is arranged below the sensor 210while the sensor 212 receives information from a side of the extremity206. Accordingly, information obtained by the sensors 210, 212 may beinaccurate, thereby reducing the effectiveness of the informationprovided by the wearable device 204 to the user.

In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2B, an electrode 214 has a largersurface area than the sensors 210, 212. Accordingly, the electrode 214extends over a larger portion of the wrist and, as a result, can obtainan average or equilibrium reading of the extremity 206. For example, thewearable device 204 may include circuitry and the like to evaluate atemperature of the electrode 214 (e.g., a gradient) to determine whetherequilibrium has been reached over the electrode 214. Equilibrium may bedefined as substantial equilibrium between regions of the electrode(e.g., a gradient differing by less than a threshold amount), a reviewof a change in temperature over a time being below a threshold amount,or the like. Accordingly, temperature information for the electrode 214may account for various regions of the extremity 206, such as areas thatinclude the vein 208 and those that do in. In this manner, an improvedreading may be obtained utilizing the larger surface area. As will bedescribed below, the electrode 214 may also be utilized in combinationwith one or more other sensors to determine biometric information.

FIG. 3A is a top perspective view of an embodiment of a base plate 300,which may also be referred to as a combination electrode, and may beused with embodiments of the present disclosure. It should beappreciated that, in describing various features of the base plate, thatphrases such as “top” or “bottom” are with respect to the illustratedembodiment and are not intended to limit the disclosure. For example, invarious embodiments, a “bottom” or “outside” portion of the base plate300 may be used to refer to a region that contacts a user (e.g., that ispositioned against a user or clothing of the user). Furthermore, the useof “plate” does not necessarily mean that the base plate 300 is flat orsubstantially flat. Indeed, the base plate 300 may be arcuate, forexample, to conform to an extremity of the human body, such as a wrist.Furthermore, various parts of the base plate 300 may be curved and/orflat. For example, a central portion may be substantially flat while theends are curved to force around an arcuate area of the human body. Theillustrated base plate 300 includes an outside surface 302 having acontact surface area 304 that may, in operation, be arranged in contactwith an extremity of a user, such as along a wrist of the user. Itshould be appreciated that the entirety of the surface area 304 may notbe in contact with the user due to the shape and/or size of the user'sextremities.

The illustrated base plate 300 includes charging pins 306 recessed intoa thickness 308 of the base plate 300. The charging pins 306 areillustrated as circular, however, may be any reasonable shape. Moreover,the charging pins 306 may not be recessed in other embodiments, but maybe flush with the outside surface 302. As will be described below, thecharging pins 306 may be formed of Niobium and include sleeves 310 of adifferent material, such as copper, brass, stainless steel, or the like.The charging pins 306 may be used to provide electrical energy to one ormore components of the device, such as to an on-board battery.

The illustrated base plate 300 further includes openings 312 (e.g.,windows) extending through the thickness 308. The illustrated openings312 are apertures that extend entirely through the thickness 308. Invarious embodiments, the openings 312 may include a pane 314 (e.g., aninsert), such as a plastic, glass, or the like. The pane 314 may be atransparent or semi-transparent material that may enable one or moresensors to obtain biometric information. For example, in embodiments,the sensors may include SpO2 sensors, PPG sensors, ECG sensors,temperature sensors, and the like. For example, the transparent orsemi-transparent material of the pane 314 may enable a light to shineonto the skin of the user to changes in light absorption. In certainembodiments, the pane 314 is formed from a material different than thebase plate 300. For example, the base plate 300 may be metallic whilethe pane 314 is glass. Accordingly, material properties for the baseplate 300 and/or the pane 314 may be particularly selected toaccommodate for differences in coefficients of thermal expansion,manufacturing processes, and the like.

In various embodiments described herein, the base plate 300 may bereferred to with respect to one or more sensors where the base plate 300provides one or more electrical contacts for the one or more sensors. Incertain embodiments, the base plate 300 may be representative of asingle, continuous contact. However, in various embodiments, the baseplate 300 may represent multiple electrical contacts, for example, bydividing the base plate 300 into different segments. By way of exampleonly, half of the base plate 300 may provide an electrode for one ormore sensors while a second half of the base plate 300 may provide anelectrode for one or more other sensors. Additionally, the first half ofthe base plate 300 may provide a first electrical contact for a firstsensor while the second half of the base plate 300 may provide a secondelectrical contact for the first sensor. Accordingly, while embodimentsof the present disclosure may refer to the base plate 300 as a singularcontact, it should be appreciated that the base plate 300 may besegmented to provide various electrical contacts and that one or moresensors may receive input signals from one or more segments of the baseplate 300.

FIG. 3B is a top perspective view of an embodiment of the base plate 300illustrating an opposite side as illustrated in FIG. 3A. The illustratedbase plate 300 includes an inside surface 316, which is opposite theoutside surface 302. For example, the illustrated inside surface 316 maybe arranged within a body of a wearable device, such as a fitnesstracker, and therefore may not be in contact with a user during normaloperating conditions.

The illustrated inside surface 316 includes a plurality of recesses 318.The illustrated recesses 318 have different shapes and depths, which maybe particularly selected for particular conditions and/or components.For example, in various embodiments, coupling recesses 320 may receivemagnets (not pictured), which may be used to facilitate coupling thebase plate 300, and as a result the wearable device, to a charger,stand, or the like. For example, in certain embodiments the base plate300 may be formed from a non-ferrous material, such as 316L stainlesssteel. By providing separate magnets, magnetic coupling may be utilized,which may facilitate snapping or coupling of the wearable device andimprove user interaction with the device.

In the illustrated embodiment, the coupling recesses 320 are arrangedsubstantially symmetrically. That is, there is one coupling recess 320at each corner location of the inside surface 316. However, it should beappreciated that, in other embodiments, the coupling recesses 320 maynot be symmetrical. Moreover, the coupling recesses 320 may not bearranged at the corners. For example, the coupling recesses 320 may bearranged longitudinally along the sides of the coupling recesses 320,which could be arranged to enable magnetic coupling. Accordingly, itshould be appreciated that various locations or dimensions of thefeatures of the inside surface 316 are shown for illustrative purposesonly and are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure.

Further illustrated in the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3B is aplatform 322 that includes mounting locations for the charging pins 306.The illustrated platform 322 includes two charging pins 306 and furtherincludes the opening 312 extending through the thickness 308 of the baseplate 300. The charging pins 306 extending normal to the platform 322 ina first direction 324 substantially parallel to an axis 326 of the baseplate 300. It should be appreciated that a distance of extension of thecharging pins 306 may be particularly selected for a number of reasons,such as clearance space, size of the wearable device, and the like.

In various embodiments, secondary platforms 328 are arranged proximateother charging pins 306. As a result, the charging pins 306 may bepositioned at a higher elevation, relative to the inner surface 316,than the recesses 320. Various other secondary recesses 330 may furtherbe included on the inner surface 316. The size and location of thesecondary recesses 330 may be particularly selected for certaincomponents. For example, various sensors or chips may be arranged withinthe secondary recesses 330 to provide a mounting location and reduce thelikelihood of movement of the sensors.

FIG. 4 is a top plan view of the base plate 300 illustrating the insidesurface 316. It should be appreciated that like reference numerals maybe used between figures for convenience and that the use of likereference numerals is not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure.As described above, variations in height (e.g., depth relative to anaxis of the base plate 300) may be distributed across different areas ofthe base plate 300. These variations may enable different components tobe positioned closer to or further away from the extremity where thebase plate 300 is positioned. In the illustrated embodiment, theopenings 312 are arranged proximate central area 400 of the base plate300. Location in the central area 400 may provide various advantages,such as reducing a likelihood of variation due to effects at the edges402 of the base plate 300. For example, the edges 402 may have varioustemperature gradients or changes due to greater exposure toenvironmental conditions (e.g., wind) than the central area 400. Theillustrated openings 312 are positioned to be substantially symmetricalwith respect to a horizontal axis 404 and a vertical axis 406. Thehorizontal axis 404 may be referred to as the x-axis while the verticalaxis 406 may be referred to as the z-axis. It should also be appreciatedthat the axis 326 may be referred to as the y-axis.

The openings 312 illustrated in FIG. 4 are substantially pill shaped.That is, the openings 312 have a substantially rectangular shape withcurved edges 408. The pilled shaped openings 312 are for illustratedpurposes only, and in various embodiments 312 may be different shapes,such as circles, rectangles, squares, or any other reasonable shape.Furthermore, each of the openings 312 may not be the same shape. Forexample, some openings 312 may be pill shaped while other windows arerectangular or circular. In the illustrated embodiment, the openings 312have a length 410 and a width 412. In certain embodiments, the ratio ofthe length 410 to the width 412 may be approximately 1.8, which providesa 1.8:1 aspect ratio. However, this for illustrative purposes only anddifferent opening shapes may provide different aspect ratios. That is,the aspect ratio may be particularly selected based on a size of thebase plate 300 and/or a size of the sensors arranged to utilize thevarious openings 312.

Further illustrated in the embodiment of FIG. 4 is a central opening414, which may be part of the openings 312, which is smaller than theother illustrated openings 312. For example, the central opening 414includes a length 416 and a width 418. However, the illustrated centralopening 414 has an aspect ratio of 1.6:1, which is smaller than theaspect ratio of the openings 312. However, as noted above, this is forillustrative purposes only and the aspect ratio of the central opening414 maybe larger than or equal to the aspect ratio of one or more of theopenings 312.

In various embodiments the coupling recesses 320 are arranged proximatethe edges 402 and are substantially symmetrical about the horizontalaxis 404 and the vertical axis 406. The illustrated coupling recesses320 are arranged at an angle 420 with respect to the vertical axis 406.It should be appreciated that the angle 420 may be particularly selectedbased on various aspects, such as a size of the base plate 300 (e.g., asurface area), arrangement of the platforms 322, 328, and the like. Inthe illustrated embodiment, the various coupling recesses 320 extendproximate the platforms 322, 328. However, in other embodiments, a sizeof the coupling recesses 320 may be different such that the couplingrecesses 320 do not extend proximate the platforms 322, 328.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional side elevational view of an embodiment ofthe base plate 300. As illustrated, the base plate 300 includes thethickness 308, which extends from the outside surface 302 to the insidesurface 316. The illustrated cross-sectional view extends through theopenings 312 and the central opening 414 (e.g., along the horizontalaxis 404). The openings 312 extend through the thickness 308, therebyproviding optical access to through the base plate 300, for example, forone or more sensors. As will be described herein, the base plate 300 maybe utilized to position one or more sensors to proximate an extremity aswell as acting as an electrode for one or more sensors.

A transition 500 is arranged between a first opening 502 and the centralopening 414. Furthermore, a barrier 504 is arranged between a secondopening 506 and the central opening 414. The transition 500 has a firstheight 508, which is less than a second height 510, which is equal tothe thickness 308 in the illustrated embodiment. In various embodiments,the transition 500 and the barrier 504 may be utilized to separate orotherwise block various signals or transmission between differentsensors. For example, various embodiments may emit light while othersensors may measure reflective light, and as a result, the emitted lightmay impact the measurement from the sensor that measures reflectivelight. Accordingly, the transition 500 and/or the barrier 504 enablevarious different sensors to be arranged closely on the base plate 300while blocking or reducing the likelihood of interference between thevarious signals of the sensors.

Further illustrated are the charging pins 306 extending normal to theinside surface 316. The charging pins have a third height 512, which maybe particularly selected based on various design considerations.Furthermore, FIG. 5 includes a pin 514. The pin 514 may be used as aspacer, for example, between an upper housing that may be coupled to thebase plate 300. In the illustrated embodiment, the pin 514 has a fourthheight 516, which is substantially equal to the third height 512 of thecharging pins. However, it should be appreciated that the fourth height516 may be larger than or smaller than the third height 512. In variousembodiments, an arrangement of pins 514 on the base plate 300 mayfacilitate assembly, as the pins 514 may be utilized to align orotherwise position a housing over the base plate 300. It should beappreciated that, in other embodiments, one or more of the pins 514 maybe utilized as ECG pins.

FIG. 6A is a top perspective exploded view of an embodiment of the baseplate 300 including a light blocking assembly 600. In the illustratedembodiment, the light blocking assembly 600 is positioned to land on theplatforms 322, 328. As described below, the platforms 322, 328 mayreceive the charging pins 306, which extend through the thickness 308 ofthe base plate 300. As a result, in various embodiments, light may leakthrough the openings (for example, between the openings and the sleeves310), which may enter a housing of the wearable device, which mayinteract with one or more sensors. The interaction with the sensor maybe undesirable and may lead to a false or otherwise incorrect reading.Accordingly, the light blocking assembly 600 may be utilized to keep theinterior of the device substantially light tight. That is, the lightwithin the housing may be limited or substantially limited to lightentering through one or more of the openings 312.

FIG. 6B is a top plan view of an embodiment of the base plate 300including the light blocking assembly 600 arranged on the platforms 322,328. In various embodiments, the light blocking assembly 600 may includean adhesive on one side to facilitate coupling to the base plate 300. Inthe illustrated embodiment, the light blocking assembly 600 follows therespective contours of the platforms 322, 328. As a result, lightentering through one or more openings through which the charging pins306 extend may be substantially blocked.

The illustrated embodiment further includes a plurality of sensors 602.As noted above, the sensors 602 may include a plurality of differentsensors, such as SpO2 sensors, PPG (photoplethysmography) sensors, ECG(electrocardiography) sensors, temperature sensors, and the like. By wayof example, ECG is a process that can be used to determine and/or trackthe activity of the heart of a person over a period of time. In order toobtain ECG data, a conductive electrode, such as the base plate 300, isoften brought into contact with the skin of the person to be monitored.In the illustrated embodiment, the sensors 602 are arranged within therecesses 318. Furthermore, the sensor 602 is arranged within a secondaryrecess 330, which may be a temperature sensor. In various embodiments,the recesses 318 are arranged over the openings 312 to facilitatealignment with the one or more openings 512. As will be appreciated, therecesses 318 may be sized to receive the sensors 602, and as a result,the dimensions of the recesses 318 may vary based on the sensors 602.The illustrated embodiment spaces the sensors 602 from one another,thereby facilitating heat transfer, but also arrangements the sensors602 close enough to simplify wiring and other connection to one or moreprocessors for evaluating information obtained from the sensors.Furthermore, one or more of the sensors 602 may utilize the base plate300 as an electrode, as described above. Additionally, in variousembodiments, the sensors 602 may be arranged within associated segmentsof the base plate 300, which may provide at least one electrical contactto the sensors 602. Furthermore, different segments of the base plate300 may provide additional contacts to the sensors 602, as describedabove. Accordingly, the arrangement of the baseplate 300 facilitates themounting and use of multiple different sensors 602 which may share acommon electrode and/or multiple segments of the base plate 300.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional side elevation view of an embodiment of thebase plate 300 including a temperature sensor 700, which may be one ofthe sensors 602. In the illustrated embodiment, the temperature sensor700 is in direct contact with the base plate 300, which may act as anelectrode for the temperature sensor 700. For example, in operation, thebase plate 300 may be in contact with an extremity of a human utilizinga wearable device including the base plate 300. Over a period of time, atemperature of the base plate 300 will come into substantial equilibriumwith the extremity, although it should be appreciated that there may bea temperature gradient over the base plate 300 because the edges 402 maybe exposed to more environmental factors than the central area 400. Thetemperature of the base plate 300 is transmitted to the temperaturesensor 700, which may be used to measure a temperature of the extremity.

FIG. 8 is an exploded perspective view of an embodiment of the baseplate 300 illustrating the charging pins 306 including the sleeves 310.In various embodiments the changing pins 306 and the base plate 300 maybe formed from different materials. For example, the base plate 300 maybe stainless steel, such as 316L, while the charging pins may beniobium. As a result, it may be difficult to connect the base plate 300to the charging pins 306, for example, via a soldering operation.Accordingly, the sleeves 310 may be coupled to the charging pins 306 tofacilitate operation. The sleeves 310 may be formed from variousdifferent compatible materials, such as copper, brass, or a differentgrade of stainless steel. Moreover, in embodiments, a brazing operation,diffusion bond, or press-fit operation may be utilized to couple thesleeves 310 to the charging pins 306. Thereafter, the sleeves 310 may besoldered to the base plate 300. As a result, seemingly incompatiblematerials may be utilized with embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional side elevation view of an embodiment of awearable device 900 that includes a housing 902 including an upperhousing 904, a middle housing 906, and the base plate 300. Theillustrated embodiment includes the coupling recesses 320 having magnets908 to facilitate coupling of the middle housing 906 to the base plate300. It should be appreciated that while the upper housing 904 andmiddle housing 906 may be labeled as separate components, in variousembodiments a unitary design between the upper housing 904 and themiddle housing 906 may be used. In various embodiments, one or morecomponents of the middle housing 906 are formed from a ferrous material,or include a ferrous material, to facilitate coupling to the magnets908. As such, assembly of the wearing device 900 may be simplified. Itshould be appreciated that, in various embodiments, additional couplingconfigurations may be utilized along with the illustrated magneticcoupling or in place of the illustrated magnetic coupling, such asfasteners, adhesives, clips, and the like. Furthermore, it should beappreciated that, for clarity, various components of the housing 902have been removed, and their omission from the illustrated embodiment isnot intended to limit or otherwise modify the scope of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 10 is a flow chart of an example process 1000 for determining oneor more physical properties of a user via a wearable device. It shouldbe understood that, for any process discussed herein, there can beadditional, fewer, or alternative steps performed in similar oralternative orders, or in parallel, within the scope of the variousembodiments. In this example, the process starts by establishing contactbetween skin of a human extremity and an electrode 1002. For example,the electrode may form at least a portion of a wearable device that isworn against the skin of an extremity, such as on a wrist. The electrodemay be metallic to enable transference of thermal and electric signals.

The process 1000 continues with a signal from the electrode transmittedto one or more sensors 1004. As noted herein, the signal may be athermal signal or an electrical signal. For example, the signal may be atemperature of the skin that is transmitted to the electrode.Furthermore, in various embodiments, the signal may be an electricalsignal transmitted from the skin through the electrode. One or morephysical properties may be determined, based at least in part on thesignal 1006. For example, the signal may be transmitted to one or moresensors, which may receive the signal and correlate the signal to one ormore physical properties. For example, the temperature sensor mayreceive a signal indicative of a thermal temperature of the electrodeand convert that signal to a temperature measurement. Also, in variousembodiments, the electrical signal received from the electrode may alsobe utilized for conversion to a measurement of one or more physicalproperties.

In certain embodiments, the one or more physical properties may betransmitted to a display 1008. The display may provide information to auser wearing the wearable device, such as indication of extremitytemperature, heart rate, and the like. In other embodiments, theinformation may be stored and/or transmitted to a server, for example aremote server, for tracking purposes. In this manner, an electrodeformed in a wearable device may be utilized to determine one or morephysical properties of a user.

FIG. 11 is a flow chart of an example process 1100 for manufacturing awearable device base that may be used as a common electrode and/orprovide electrodes for one or more sensors. In this example, the base isformed from an electrically and thermally conductive material 1102. Forexample, the base may be a metallic material, which may be ferrous ornon-ferrous. In various embodiments, forming the base includes machiningor otherwise processing (e.g., pressing) one or more features, such asthe platforms, recesses, and the like described herein. One or moreopening may be formed through the base 1104. The opening may provide anoptical connection between an interior side of the base and an exteriorside of the base. That is, the one or more opening may be described asapertures that extend entirely through the base to allow passage througha thickness of the base.

In various embodiments, one or more panes are installed inside theopenings 1106. The one or more panes may be transparent orsemi-transparent and may be formed from a different material than thebase. For example, the panes may be a glass or plastic material whilethe base is a metallic material. In various embodiments, the materialsforming the panes and the base may be particularly selected to have asubstantially similar thermal expansion coefficient. The pane may bepress fit, adhered, or otherwise installed within the openings. Invarious embodiments, the panes enable optical detection through theopenings while blocking the ingress of environmental features, such asdust or debris, from entering an interior of a wearable device housing.

The example process also includes installing one or more ferrouscomponents on the base 1108. The ferrous components may be utilized toform a magnetic closure between components of a wearable device housing.In various embodiments, the base may be ferrous, and as a result, thebase may serve as the one or more ferrous components. However, in otherembodiments, the base may be non-ferrous, and as a result, theinstallation of the ferrous materials may include adding additionalmaterial to at least a portion of the base to facilitate coupling toother components of the wearable device housing.

As described elsewhere, the base may be utilized to arrange a pluralityof sensors within a wearable device. Various locations of the sensorsmay be particularly selected based on the sensor type, as well as forsize and space constraints. In embodiments, the base may also act as anelectrode for one or more of the sensors utilized by the wearabledevice. For example, as noted above, the base may be thermally and/orelectrically conductive. As a result, thermal signals from the base maybe transmitted to one or more temperature sensors. Furthermore,electrical signals may also be transmitted via the base. Moreover, inembodiments, the openings may enable optical sensing through the base.As a result, the base may be utilized to enable a plurality of differenttype so sensors to obtain physical information from a user having thewearable device.

FIG. 12 illustrates a set of basic components 1200 of one or moredevices of the present disclosure, in accordance with variousembodiments of the present disclosure. In this example, the deviceincludes at least one processor 1202 for executing instructions that canbe stored in a memory device or element 1204. As would be apparent toone of ordinary skill in the art, the device can include many types ofmemory, data storage or computer-readable media, such as a first datastorage for program instructions for execution by the at least oneprocessor 1202, the same or separate storage can be used for images ordata, a removable memory can be available for sharing information withother devices, and any number of communication approaches can beavailable for sharing with other devices. The device may include atleast one type of output device 1206, such as a touch screen, electronicink (e-ink), organic light emitting diode (OLED) or liquid crystaldisplay (LCD), although devices such as servers might convey informationvia other means, such as through a system of lights and datatransmissions. The device typically will include one or more networkingdevice 1208, such as a port, network interface card, or wirelesstransceiver that enables communication over at least one network. Thedevice can include at least one input device 1210 able to receiveconventional input from a user. This conventional input can include, forexample, a push button, touch pad, touch screen, wheel, joystick,keyboard, mouse, trackball, keypad or any other such device or elementwhereby a user can input a command to the device. These I/O devicescould even be connected by a wireless infrared or Bluetooth or otherlink as well in some embodiments. In some embodiments, however, such adevice might not include any buttons at all and might be controlled onlythrough a combination of visual and audio commands such that a user cancontrol the device without having to be in contact with the device.

As discussed, different approaches can be implemented in variousenvironments in accordance with the described embodiments. As will beappreciated, although a Web-based environment is used for purposes ofexplanation in several examples presented herein, different environmentsmay be used, as appropriate, to implement various embodiments. Thesystem includes an electronic client device, which can include anyappropriate device operable to send and receive requests, messages orinformation over an appropriate network and convey information back to auser of the device. Examples of such client devices include personalcomputers, cell phones, handheld messaging devices, laptop computers,set-top boxes, personal data assistants, electronic book readers and thelike. The network can include any appropriate network, including anintranet, the Internet, a cellular network, a local area network or anyother such network or combination thereof. Components used for such asystem can depend at least in part upon the type of network and/orenvironment selected. Protocols and components for communicating viasuch a network are well known and will not be discussed herein indetail. Communication over the network can be enabled via wired orwireless connections and combinations thereof. In this example, thenetwork includes the Internet, as the environment includes a Web serverfor receiving requests and serving content in response thereto, althoughfor other networks, an alternative device serving a similar purposecould be used, as would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art.

The illustrative environment includes at least one application serverand a data store. It should be understood that there can be severalapplication servers, layers or other elements, processes or components,which may be chained or otherwise configured, which can interact toperform tasks such as obtaining data from an appropriate data store. Asused herein, the term “data store” refers to any device or combinationof devices capable of storing, accessing and retrieving data, which mayinclude any combination and number of data servers, databases, datastorage devices and data storage media, in any standard, distributed orclustered environment. The application server can include anyappropriate hardware and software for integrating with the data store asneeded to execute aspects of one or more applications for the clientdevice and handling a majority of the data access and business logic foran application.

The application server provides access control services in cooperationwith the data store and is able to generate content such as text,graphics, audio and/or video to be transferred to the user, which may beserved to the user by the Web server in the form of HTML, XML or anotherappropriate structured language in this example. The handling of allrequests and responses, as well as the delivery of content between theclient device and the application server, can be handled by the Webserver. It should be understood that the Web and application servers arenot required and are merely example components, as structured codediscussed herein can be executed on any appropriate device or hostmachine as discussed elsewhere herein. The data store can includeseveral separate data tables, databases or other data storage mechanismsand media for storing data relating to a particular aspect. For example,the data store illustrated includes mechanisms for storing content(e.g., production data) and user information, which can be used to servecontent for the production side. The data store is also shown to includea mechanism for storing log or session data. It should be understoodthat there can be many other aspects that may need to be stored in thedata store, such as page image information and access rightsinformation, which can be stored in any of the above listed mechanismsas appropriate or in additional mechanisms in the data store. The datastore is operable, through logic associated therewith, to receiveinstructions from the application server and obtain, update or otherwiseprocess data in response thereto. In one example, a user might submit asearch request for a certain type of item. In this case, the data storemight access the user information to verify the identity of the user andcan access the catalog detail information to obtain information aboutitems of that type. The information can then be returned to the user,such as in a results listing on a Web page that the user is able to viewvia a browser on the user device. Information for a particular item ofinterest can be viewed in a dedicated page or window of the browser.

Each server typically will include an operating system that providesexecutable program instructions for the general administration andoperation of that server and typically will include computer-readablemedium storing instructions that, when executed by a processor of theserver, allow the server to perform its intended functions. Suitableimplementations for the operating system and general functionality ofthe servers are known or commercially available and are readilyimplemented by persons having ordinary skill in the art, particularly inlight of the disclosure herein.

The environment in one embodiment is a distributed computing environmentutilizing several computer systems and components that areinterconnected via communication links, using one or more computernetworks or direct connections. However, it will be appreciated by thoseof ordinary skill in the art that such a system could operate equallywell in a system having fewer or a greater number of components than areillustrated. Thus, the depiction of the systems herein should be takenas being illustrative in nature and not limiting to the scope of thedisclosure.

The various embodiments can be further implemented in a wide variety ofoperating environments, which in some cases can include one or more usercomputers or computing devices which can be used to operate any of anumber of applications. User or client devices can include any of anumber of general purpose personal computers, such as desktop ornotebook computers running a standard operating system, as well ascellular, wireless and handheld devices running mobile software andcapable of supporting a number of networking and messaging protocols.Devices capable of generating events or requests can also includewearable computers (e.g., smart watches or glasses), VR headsets,Internet of Things (IoT) devices, voice command recognition systems, andthe like. Such a system can also include a number of workstationsrunning any of a variety of commercially-available operating systems andother known applications for purposes such as development and databasemanagement. These devices can also include other electronic devices,such as dummy terminals, thin-clients, gaming systems and other devicescapable of communicating via a network.

Most embodiments utilize at least one network that would be familiar tothose skilled in the art for supporting communications using any of avariety of commercially-available protocols, such as TCP/IP, FTP, UPnP,NFS, and CIFS. The network can be, for example, a local area network, awide-area network, a virtual private network, the Internet, an intranet,an extranet, a public switched telephone network, an infrared network, awireless network and any combination thereof.

In embodiments utilizing a Web server, the Web server can run any of avariety of server or mid-tier applications, including HTTP servers, FTPservers, CGI servers, data servers, Java servers and businessapplication servers. The server(s) may also be capable of executingprograms or scripts in response requests from user devices, such as byexecuting one or more Web applications that may be implemented as one ormore scripts or programs written in any programming language, such asJava®, C, C# or C++ or any scripting language, such as Perl, Python orTCL, as well as combinations thereof. The server(s) may also includedatabase servers, including without limitation those commerciallyavailable from Oracle®, Microsoft®, Sybase® and IBM® as well asopen-source servers such as MySQL, Postgres, SQLite, MongoDB, and anyother server capable of storing, retrieving and accessing structured orunstructured data. Database servers may include table-based servers,document-based servers, unstructured servers, relational servers,non-relational servers or combinations of these and/or other databaseservers.

The environment can include a variety of data stores and other memoryand storage media as discussed above. These can reside in a variety oflocations, such as on a storage medium local to (and/or resident in) oneor more of the computers or remote from any or all of the computersacross the network. In a particular set of embodiments, the informationmay reside in a storage-area network (SAN) familiar to those skilled inthe art. Similarly, any necessary files for performing the functionsattributed to the computers, servers or other network devices may bestored locally and/or remotely, as appropriate. Where a system includescomputerized devices, each such device can include hardware elementsthat may be electrically coupled via a bus, the elements including, forexample, at least one central processing unit (CPU), at least one inputdevice (e.g., a mouse, keyboard, controller, touch-sensitive displayelement or keypad) and at least one output device (e.g., a displaydevice, printer or speaker). Such a system may also include one or morestorage devices, such as disk drives, optical storage devices andsolid-state storage devices such as random access memory (RAM) orread-only memory (ROM), as well as removable media devices, memorycards, flash cards, etc.

Such devices can also include a computer-readable storage media reader,a communications device (e.g., a modem, a network card (wireless orwired), an infrared communication device) and working memory asdescribed above. The computer-readable storage media reader can beconnected with, or configured to receive, a computer-readable storagemedium representing remote, local, fixed and/or removable storagedevices as well as storage media for temporarily and/or more permanentlycontaining, storing, transmitting and retrieving computer-readableinformation. The system and various devices also typically will includea number of software applications, modules, services or other elementslocated within at least one working memory device, including anoperating system and application programs such as a client applicationor Web browser. It should be appreciated that alternate embodiments mayhave numerous variations from that described above. For example,customized hardware might also be used and/or particular elements mightbe implemented in hardware, software (including portable software, suchas applets) or both. Further, connection to other computing devices suchas network input/output devices may be employed.

Storage media and other non-transitory computer readable media forcontaining code, or portions of code, can include any appropriate mediaknown or used in the art, such as but not limited to volatile andnon-volatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in anymethod or technology for storage of information such as computerreadable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data,including RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology,CD-ROM, digital versatile disk (DVD) or other optical storage, magneticcassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magneticstorage devices or any other medium which can be used to store thedesired information and which can be accessed by a system device. Basedon the disclosure and teachings provided herein, a person of ordinaryskill in the art will appreciate other ways and/or methods to implementthe various embodiments.

While various embodiments of the invention have been described above, itshould be understood that they have been presented by way of exampleonly, and not by way of limitation. Likewise, the various diagrams maydepict an example architectural or other configuration for thedisclosure, which is done to aid in understanding the features andfunctionality that can be included in the disclosure. The disclosure isnot restricted to the illustrated example architectures orconfigurations, but can be implemented using a variety of alternativearchitectures and configurations. Additionally, although the disclosureis described above in terms of various exemplary embodiments andimplementations, it should be understood that the various features andfunctionality described in one or more of the individual embodiments arenot limited in their applicability to the particular embodiment withwhich they are described. They instead can be applied, alone or in somecombination, to one or more of the other embodiments of the disclosure,whether or not such embodiments are described, and whether or not suchfeatures are presented as being a part of a described embodiment. Thusthe breadth and scope of the present disclosure should not be limited byany of the above-described exemplary embodiments.

Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientificterms) are to be given their ordinary and customary meaning to a personof ordinary skill in the art, and are not to be limited to a special orcustomized meaning unless expressly so defined herein. It should benoted that the use of particular terminology when describing certainfeatures or aspects of the disclosure should not be taken to imply thatthe terminology is being re-defined herein to be restricted to includeany specific characteristics of the features or aspects of thedisclosure with which that terminology is associated. Terms and phrasesused in this application, and variations thereof, especially in theappended claims, unless otherwise expressly stated, should be construedas open ended as opposed to limiting. As examples of the foregoing, theterm ‘including’ should be read to mean ‘including, without limitation,’including but not limited to,' or the like; the term ‘comprising’ asused herein is synonymous with ‘including,’ ‘containing,’ or‘characterized by,’ and is inclusive or open-ended and does not excludeadditional, unrecited elements or method steps; the term ‘having’ shouldbe interpreted as ‘having at least;’ the term ‘includes’ should beinterpreted as ‘includes but is not limited to;’ the term ‘example’ isused to provide exemplary instances of the item in discussion, not anexhaustive or limiting list thereof; adjectives such as ‘known’,‘normal’, ‘standard’, and terms of similar meaning should not beconstrued as limiting the item described to a given time period or to anitem available as of a given time, but instead should be read toencompass known, normal, or standard technologies that may be availableor known now or at any time in the future; and use of terms like‘preferably,’ ‘preferred,’ ‘desired,’ or ‘desirable,’ and words ofsimilar meaning should not be understood as implying that certainfeatures are critical, essential, or even important to the structure orfunction of the invention, but instead as merely intended to highlightalternative or additional features that may or may not be utilized in aparticular embodiment of the invention. Likewise, a group of itemslinked with the conjunction ‘and’ should not be read as requiring thateach and every one of those items be present in the grouping, but rathershould be read as ‘and/or’ unless expressly stated otherwise. Similarly,a group of items linked with the conjunction ‘or’ should not be read asrequiring mutual exclusivity among that group, but rather should be readas ‘and/or’ unless expressly stated otherwise.

Where a range of values is provided, it is understood that the upper andlower limit, and each intervening value between the upper and lowerlimit of the range is encompassed within the embodiments.

With respect to the use of substantially any plural and/or singularterms herein, those having skill in the art can translate from theplural to the singular and/or from the singular to the plural as isappropriate to the context and/or application. The varioussingular/plural permutations may be expressly set forth herein for sakeof clarity. The indefinite article “a” or “an” does not exclude aplurality. A single processor or other unit may fulfill the functions ofseveral items recited in the claims. The mere fact that certain measuresare recited in mutually different dependent claims does not indicatethat a combination of these measures cannot be used to advantage. Anyreference signs in the claims should not be construed as limiting thescope.

It will be further understood by those within the art that if a specificnumber of an introduced claim recitation is intended, such an intentwill be explicitly recited in the claim, and in the absence of suchrecitation no such intent is present. For example, as an aid tounderstanding, the following appended claims may contain usage of theintroductory phrases “at least one” and “one or more” to introduce claimrecitations. However, the use of such phrases should not be construed toimply that the introduction of a claim recitation by the indefinitearticles “a” or “an” limits any particular claim containing suchintroduced claim recitation to embodiments containing only one suchrecitation, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases“one or more” or “at least one” and indefinite articles such as “a” or“an” (e.g., “a” and/or “an” should typically be interpreted to mean “atleast one” or “one or more”); the same holds true for the use ofdefinite articles used to introduce claim recitations. In addition, evenif a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is explicitlyrecited, those skilled in the art will recognize that such recitationshould typically be interpreted to mean at least the recited number(e.g., the bare recitation of “two recitations,” without othermodifiers, typically means at least two recitations, or two or morerecitations). Furthermore, in those instances where a conventionanalogous to “at least one of A, B, and C, etc.” is used, in generalsuch a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the artwould understand the convention (e.g., “a system having at least one ofA, B, and C” would include but not be limited to systems that have Aalone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and Ctogether, and/or A, B, and C together, etc.). In those instances where aconvention analogous to “at least one of A, B, or C, etc.” is used, ingeneral such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill inthe art would understand the convention (e.g., “a system having at leastone of A, B, or C” would include but not be limited to systems that haveA alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and Ctogether, and/or A, B, and C together, etc.). It will be furtherunderstood by those within the art that virtually any disjunctive wordand/or phrase presenting two or more alternative terms, whether in thedescription, claims, or drawings, should be understood to contemplatethe possibilities of including one of the terms, either of the terms, orboth terms. For example, the phrase “A or B” will be understood toinclude the possibilities of “A” or “B” or “A and B.”

All numbers expressing quantities of ingredients, reaction conditions,and so forth used in the specification are to be understood as beingmodified in all instances by the term ‘about.’ Accordingly, unlessindicated to the contrary, the numerical parameters set forth herein areapproximations that may vary depending upon the desired propertiessought to be obtained. At the very least, and not as an attempt to limitthe application of the doctrine of equivalents to the scope of anyclaims in any application claiming priority to the present application,each numerical parameter should be construed in light of the number ofsignificant digits and ordinary rounding approaches.

All of the features disclosed in this specification (including anyaccompanying exhibits, claims, abstract and drawings), and/or all of thesteps of any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in anycombination, except combinations where at least some of such featuresand/or steps are mutually exclusive. The disclosure is not restricted tothe details of any foregoing embodiments. The disclosure extends to anynovel one, or any novel combination, of the features disclosed in thisspecification (including any accompanying claims, abstract anddrawings), or to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the stepsof any method or process so disclosed.

Various modifications to the implementations described in thisdisclosure may be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and thegeneric principles defined herein may be applied to otherimplementations without departing from the spirit or scope of thisdisclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not intended to be limited to theimplementations shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scopeconsistent with the principles and features disclosed herein. Certainembodiments of the disclosure are encompassed in the claim set listedbelow or presented in the future.

1-20. (canceled)
 21. A wearable device comprising: a housing including abase plate defining a plurality of openings extending therethrough, thebase plate further defining a plurality of recesses located on an insidesurface of the base plate; and a plurality of magnets configured tomagnetically couple the base plate to a charger, each of the magnetspositioned within a respective recess of the plurality of recesses. 22.The wearable device of claim 21, wherein each of the plurality ofrecesses is positioned farther from a center point of the base platethan each of the plurality of openings.
 23. The wearable device of claim21, wherein the base plate includes a plurality of charging pins, andwherein each of the plurality of recesses is positioned farther from acenter point of the base plate than each of the plurality of chargingpins.
 24. The wearable device of claim 23, wherein the plurality ofcharging pins are recessed in an outside surface of the base plate. 25.The wearable device of claim 24, further comprising: a plurality ofsleeves, each of the sleeves positioned around a respective charging pinof the plurality of charging pins.
 26. The wearable device of claim 21,wherein the base plate is formed from a conductor that is bothelectrically conductive and thermally conductive.
 27. The wearabledevice of claim 26, wherein the conductor is stainless steel.
 28. Thewearable device of claim 21, further comprising: a plurality of panes,each of the panes positioned within a respective opening of theplurality of openings.
 29. The wearable device of claim 28, wherein atleast one pane of the plurality of panes is formed from asemi-transparent material.
 30. The wearable device of claim 28, whereina thickness of each of the plurality of panes is less than a thicknessof the base plate.
 31. The wearable device of claim 28, furthercomprising: a plurality of optical sensors, each of the plurality ofoptical sensors configured to emit an optical signal through arespective pane of the plurality of panes.
 32. The wearable device ofclaim 21, wherein the plurality of openings include a first opening anda plurality of second openings, the first opening positioned closer tothe center point of the base plate than each of the plurality of secondopenings.
 33. The wearable device of claim 32, wherein: the firstopening has a first aspect ratio; and each of the plurality of secondopenings has a second aspect ratio that is different than the firstaspect ratio.
 34. A wearable device comprising: a housing including abase plate defining a plurality of openings extending therethrough, thebase plate including a plurality of charging pins, the base platedefining a plurality of recesses located on an inside surface of thebase plate; and a plurality of magnets configured to magnetically couplethe base plate to a charger, each of the magnets positioned within arespective recess of the plurality of recesses.
 35. The wearable deviceof claim 34, wherein each of the plurality of recesses is positionedfarther from a center point of the base plate than each of the pluralityof charging pins.
 36. The wearable device of claim 34, furthercomprising: a plurality of panes, each of the panes positioned within arespective opening of the plurality of openings.
 37. The wearable deviceof claim 36, wherein at least one pane of the plurality of panes isformed from a semi-transparent material.
 38. The wearable device ofclaim 36, wherein a thickness of each of the plurality of panes is lessthan a thickness of the base plate.
 39. The wearable device of claim 36,further comprising: a plurality of optical sensors, each of theplurality of optical sensors configured to emit an optical signalthrough a respective pane of the plurality of panes.